山西省2022年山西专升本英语之虚拟语气(山西省专升本英语)
一、should 相关虚拟
1.“should+动词原形”
(1)“should+动词原形”用在某些表示说话者意愿的动词后的宾语从句中,比如:
例:
She insisted that he (should) stay there longer.
她坚持要他在那儿多待会儿。
He proposed that we(should) talk to her.
他提议我们跟她谈一谈。
I request that every student(should) do the exercise careful ly.
我要求每个学生仔细做练习。
(2)用在上述动词的相应名词后的表语从句或同位语从句结构中。如:
例:
My suggestion is that we (should) invite him.
我的建议是我们邀请他。
I made the suggestion that we (should) invite him.
我提出邀请他来的建议。
(3)煎面提到的大部分动词的被动语态或形容词结构,其后跟的主语从句中的谓语动词用虚拟语气“should+动词原形”形式
类似用法的句型有:
It is advisable/desirable important strange necessary /natural ...that..
It is a pity a shame no wonder...that...
It is suggested requested desired/proposed /..that...
It worries me that...
例:
It is requested that l (should) make a speech at the meeting.
有人要求我在会议上讲话。
2.It is time that 后的虚拟
“It is time+从句”句型常用虚拟语气,用过去式或者“should+do”表示“该干某事了”
例:
It is near midnight lt's time we left.
快半夜了,我们该离开了。
It is high time that we should get up.
我们早该起床了。
3.“唯恐”类虚拟语气
“唯恐”类表达恐怕之意的几个词和短语有lest(唯恐)和in case(万一),其后从句谓语多用“should-+动词原形”构成。
例:
He took a raincoat with him lest it should rain.
他怕下雨便带了一件雨衣。
Take an umbrella in case it should rain.
带把雨伞,以防下雨。
二、would rather 虚拟
would rather后跟从句,表达说话人的意愿,也用虚拟语气。
例:
I would rather you did not do it.
我宁愿你不做此事。(表示事情还未发生。)
I would rather you had not done it.
我宁愿你没做此事。(表示事情已经发生。)
三、祝愿性虚拟
有些表示祝愿、诅咒、禁止的词也需用虚拟语气,因为这只是说话者的意愿。常见有两类:
1.用“may+动词原形”结构
例:
May our friendship last forever.
愿我们友谊永存。
May you succeed.
愿你成功。
May you make greater progress.
愿你取得更大的进步。
May you be happy.
祝你幸福。
2.不管主语是什么人称,一律用原形
例:
Long live our motherland.
祖国万岁。
God bless you.
上帝保佑你。
四、责备批评
表示责备、批评,可用虚拟语气,其结构为:情态动词+have+过去分词。
例:
You should have got here earlier.
你本应该早点到这儿。
You should have returned it to him.
你本应该把它还给他了。
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