湖南工学院2021年专升本《英语》课程考试大纲

Section B
 Directions:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
 Passage 1
 There is a difference between science and technology. Science is a method of answering theoretical questions; technology is a method of solving practical problems. Science has to do with discovering the facts and relationships between observable phenomena in nature and with establishing theories that serve to organize these facts and relationships; technology has to do with tools, techniques, and procedures for implementing the finding of science.
 Another distinction between science and technology has to do with the progress in each. Progress in science excludes the human factor. Scientists, who seek to comprehend the universe and know the truth within the highest degree of accuracy and certainty, cannot pay attention to their own or other people’s likes or dislikes or to popular ideas about the fitness of things. What scientists discover may shock or anger people-as did Darwin’s theory of evolution. But even an unpleasant truth is more than likely to be useful; besides, we have the choice of refusing to believe it! But hardly so with technology; we do not have the choice of refusing to hear the sonic boom produced by a supersonic aircraft flying overhead; we do not have the option of refusing to breathe polluted air; and we do not have the option of living in a non-atomic age. Unlike science progress, technology must be measured in terms of the human factor. The legitimate purpose of technology is to serve people in general, not merely some people; and future generations, not merely those who presently wish to gain advantage for themselves. Technology must be humanistic if it is to lead to a better world.
 61. The difference between science and technology lies in that _____.
 A. the former provides answers to theoretical questions while the latter to practical problems
 B. the former seeks to comprehend the universe while the latter helps change the material world
 C. the former aims to discover the inter-connections of facts and the rules that explain them while the latter, to discover new designs and ways of making the things we use in our daily life
 D. all of the above
 62. Which of the following may be representative of science?
 A. The improvement of people’s life.
 B. The theory of people’s life.
 C. Farming tools.
 D. Mass production.
 63. According to the author, scientific theories _____.
 A. must be strictly objective
 B. usually take into consideration people’s likes and dislikes
 C. should conform to popular opinions
 D. always appear in perfect and finished forms
 64. The author states that technology itself _____.
 A. is responsible for widespread pollution and resource exhaustion
 B. should serve those who wish to gain advantage for themselves
 C. will lead to a better world if put to wise use
 D. will inevitably be for bad purpose
 65. The tone of the author in this passage is _____.
 A. positive    B. negative    C. factual    D. critical

Passage 2
 In the United States, it is not customary to telephone someone very early in the morning. If you telephone him early in the day, while he is shaving or having breakfast, the time of the call shows that the matter is very important and requires immediate attention. The same meaning is attached to telephone calls made after 11:00 p. m.. If someone receives a call during sleeping hours, he assumes it’ s a matter of life or death. The time chosen for the call communicates its importance.
 In social life, time plays a very important part. In the U. S. A. guests tend to feel they are not highly regarded if the invitation to a dinner party is extended only three or four days before the party date. But it is not true in all countries. In other areas of the world, it may be considered foolish to make an appointment too far in advance because plans which are made for a date more than a week away tend to be forgotten. The meaning of time differs in different parts of the world. Thus, misunderstandings arise between people from cultures that treat time differently. Promptness is valued highly in American life, for example. If people are not prompt, they may be regarded as impolite or not fully responsible. In the U. S. no one would think of keeping a business associate waiting for an hour, it would be too impolite. If a person is 5 minutes late, he will say a few words of explanation, though perhaps he will not complete the sentence.
 66. “The same meaning is attached to telephone calls made after 11:00 p. m..” Here “attached” means _____.
 A. taken    B. drawn    C. given    D. shown
 67. Supposing one wants to make a telephone call at dawn, this would mean _____.
 A. the matter is important
 B. the matter is somewhat important
 C. the matter requires immediate attention
 D. it is a matter of life and death
 68. According to this passage, time plays an important role in _____.
 A. everyday life    B. school life    C. communications    D. private life
 69. The best title for this passage is _____.
 A. the voices of time                  B. the importance of time
 C. the importance of an announcement    D. time and tide wait for no man
 70. According to the passage, the author of the article may agree to which of the following statements?
 A. It is appropriate to send your invitation cards three or four days before a dinner party date in U. S. A.
 B. It may be appropriate to send your invitation to your guests three or four days before a dinner party date in some cultures.
 C. It is best for one to make telephone calls at night because it costs much less.
 D. If one is less than 5 minutes late, he has to make a short apology.

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