甘肃专升本英语知识汇总—动词时态语态

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　　2022年甘肃省专升本考试时间为4月23日，距离考试时间越来越近，为了帮助考生能取得好成绩，下面诚为径李老师给考生整理了甘肃专升本英语知识汇总—动词时态语态，希望对考生有帮助。

　　甘肃专升本英语知识汇总—动词时态语态

　　1. 常考的动词时态和用法：(以do为例)

　　一般现在时do/does(is/am/are)1. 一般现在时表示经常发生、习惯性动作、客观真理、科学事实、格言，目前的特征、状态、能力等。2. 主句是一般将来时，时间、条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来(主将从现)。If it rains tomorrow, I won’t go there.注：能引导时间、条件状语从句的连词有when, if, after, before, as, as soon as, the minute, the next time, in case, till, until, unless, so long as等。常见标志词：every …, sometimes, at …, on Sunday, always, usually, sometimes, seldom

　　一般过去时

　　did(was/were)表达特定的过去时间内发生的动作或存在的状况，或过去某一时间内经常发生或反复发生的动作或行为。I drank a glass of water two minutes ago常见标志词：then, yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982

　　现在进行时

　　is/am/are doing1. 表示正在进行的动作。2. 表示按计划安排即将发生的动作。She is leaving for Beijing. / He is working as a teacher tomorrow.常见标志词：(1)now, right now, at the moment等时间状语;(2)look, listen等词常用于句子的开头，表示提醒听者注意正在发生的事情

　　过去进行时was/were doing1. 表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作。(这一过去时间须用时间状语表示)He was preparing his lecture all day yesterday.2. 表示一过去的动作在另一过去动作发生时进行。They were still working when I left.3. 用在两个过去进行时动作同时发生。I was writing while he was watching TV.4. 表示过去将来动作。He said she was arriving the next day.常见标志词：this morning, the whole morning, all day, yesterday, from nine to ten last evening…, when, while, at that time

　　现在完成时has/have done1. 表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或结果，说话时已完成的动作。I have finished the report.She has cleaned the room.2. 表示从过去开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，往往和“for...”,“since...”表述的一段时间状语连用。He has learned English for six years.They have worked here since they left college.3. 表示“曾经到过某地(人已回来)”用have/ has been to，表示“到某地去了(还未回来)”用have/ has gone to。常见标志词：by+现在时间, for, since, already, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/ until, up to now, in (the) past years, always, recently

　　过去完成时had done1. 表示在过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作。He had shut the door before the dog came up.2. 表示动作或状态从过去某个时刻开始一直延续到另一个过去时刻才完成，甚至还要继续下去。At the age of ten, he had learned 500 English words.3. 常用hope, expect, think, intend, want, suppose等动词的过去完成时来表示未实现的希望、打算或意图。We had expected that you would be able to win the match.常见标志词：by/by the time/by the end of+过去时间, up until then, up until last night, when/before/after+过去时间

　　现在完成进行时has/have been doing用来表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在(还要继续下去)的动作。He has been doing the maths problems since 8:00.常见标志词：for+时间段, since+时间段/点/从句, all the time, all one’s life, during the night

　　过去完成进行时had been doing表示动作或状态从过去某个时刻开始一直延续到另一个过去时刻才完成，还将继续下去。She had been suffering from a bad cold before she took the exam.常见标志词：up until then, up until last night, when/before/after+过去时间(参见过去完成时标志词)

　　一般将来时will/shall do;is/am/are going to do/ (about) to do一般将来时表示将来要发生的动作和存在的状况。I will call you when my mother comes back.It’s going to rain soon. / He is (about) to go abroad.常见标志词：next…, tomorrow, in+时间, … later, in the long run, in the future

　　过去将来时would/should do;was/were going to do; was/were (about) to do1. 相对于过去某一时刻而言即将发生的动作或存在的状态。He told me he would go to Beijing.2. would do(表示过去的习惯)总是，总会，常常。He would sit silent for hours.

　　2. 容易混淆的时态比较

　　时态重难点1：一般过去时 VS 现在完成时现在完成时表示过去的动作与现在的联系，主要说明的是现在的情况和状态;一般过去时强调动作发生在过去，与现状不发生联系。如：We haven’t seen him since last year. (现在还没见到)We didn’t see him last year. (现在不一定没见到)She has lived in Paris for twenty years. (现在还在巴黎)She lived in Paris for twenty years. (现在不在巴黎)

　　时态重难点2：by+时间点by+过去时间，谓语用过去完成时，如：By the time he was ten, he had learnt about 1,000 English words.by+现在时间，谓语用现在完成时，如：I have had my lunch by now.by+将来时间，谓语用将来完成时，如：By the end of this year, they will have finished work on the new stadium.

　　3. 被动语态的特殊情况

　　(1)主动表被动a. 表示主语的内在品质或性能的词：cut, sell, read, write, fill, cook, lock, wash等;感官动词：look, smell, taste, sound, feel及系动词：remain, prove, turn out等，用主动形式表被动。如：The apples taste good. / The news proved/turned out true.The clothes wash well. / The book sells well.The dish tastes delicious. / Water feels very cold.b. 通常在主语是物，谓语是want, need, require等动词时，表示“事物客观上需要……”，后一般加动名词来表示被动。如：The window wants / needs / requires repairing.The book is worth reading twice.

　　(2)无被动语态的动词及短语不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态(即多数的瞬间动词)：appear, die (死亡), disappear (消失), end (vi. 结束), fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand, break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place, succeed in, suffer from, take part in, belong to等。

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