2022年河南专升本考试英语真题试卷及答案

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　　Part I Reading Comprehension (2x20)

　　Passage 1

　　It was December 25. Marie, a 13-year-old Australian girl, was happy. It was Christmas and Marie's mother was making a very special cake. She put four smell coins into the cake and then baked it. The four coins were for good luck. After dinner, Marie and her family ate the cake. They found three coins in the cake and put them on the table. Where was the fourth one? It was missing (找不到的)，but Marie's mother didn't notice.

　　After Christmas, Marie got sick. She coughed and couldn't speak. Marie's parents took her to hospital. Doctors at the hospital looked her over and then said, “We are sory, but we can't help her." For 12 years, Marie didn't speak. But like other common people, she grew up, she got a job, she got married. One day, when Marie was 25 years old, she got a sore throat. She began to cough. She coughed up something small and black. What was it? Marie didn't know. She took it to a hospital. A doctor at the hospital said,“This is a coin!" the doctor told Marie,“I think you can speak again.”

　　Passage 2

　　Emotion is sometimes regarded as the opposite of reason; s is suggested by phrase such as”appeal to emotions rather than reason”and “ don' t let your emotions take over ”. Emotional reactions sometimes produce consequences or thoughts which people may later regret or disagree with; but during an emotional state, they could not control their actions. Thus, it is generally believed that one of the most distinctive facts about human beings is a contradiction between emotion and reason.

　　However, recent empirical studies do not suggest there is a clear distinction between reason and emotion. Indeed, anger or fear can often be thought of as an instinctive response to observed fact. The human mind possesses many possible reactions to the external world. Those reactions can lie on a continuum, with some of them involving the extreme of pure intellectuallogic, which is often called “cold”，and others involving the extremes of pure emotion not related to logical agreement, which is called“ the heat of passion" . The relation logic and emotion merits careful study. Passion, emotion, or feeling can reinforce an argument, event one based primarily on reason. This is especially true in religion or ideology, which frequently demands an all-or-nothing rejection or acceptance. In such areas of thought, human beings have to adopt a comprehensive view partly backed by empirical argument and partly by feeling and passion. Moreover, several researchers have suggested that typically there is no“pure”decision or thought; that is, no thought is based“purely” on intellectual logic or“ purely”on emotion一most decisions are founded on a mixture of both.

　　Passage 3

　　China's birth rate has been falling since 2016一for example, 12 million new births were recorded in 2020, but the number is expected to drop below 10 million in 2021 despite a series of pronatalist policies taken by the government. And although the two-child policy introduced in 2016 caused an uptick in the number of newborns, it failed to reverse the falling birth rate trend.

　　Can the three-child policy introduced last year succeed where earlier favorable family planning policies failed?

　　The picture doesn't look good, though. China's birth rate in 2020 declined to 1.3 percent, far lower than the replacement rate of 2.1, according to the seventh national census results. Since the population of women of childbearing age in China has reached its peak, it will continue to decline.

　　From the perspective of economics, having children is essentially an economic decision. The costs and benefits of having a child play a key role in such families' decision.

　　As for benefits, children carry on the family name and can help strengthen the bond between a man and woman. And having children gives an assurance to parents that they will have someone to take care of them when they get old.

　　When it comes to costs, women have to endure physical and mental stress to give birth and bring up children. Childbirth is painful and, in extreme cases, could be fatal. Also, new mothers, in general, find it difcult to adjust family and work life. Plus, having children also means additional expenses and in some cases cutting costs to provide good education for the children, as well as dedicating huge amounts of time to bring them up.

　　Apparently, people tend to have more children if there are more benefits and fewer children if the costs outweigh the benefits. That most couples in today prefer to have just one child means there are more costs than benefts of having more children.

　　Besides, with the improvement of the pension system in China, elderly people today depend less on their offspring, and thanks to the continuous increase in the number of well- educated and financially independent women, quite a few young women consider marriage more of an option than a necessity. These factors have also played a role in the decline in the birth rate.

　　Moreover, because of the shortage of quality education and good schools, parents have to spend large amounts of money and time to ensure their children get admitted to good schools and colleges so they can get quality education, leading to frequent arguments and conflicts in families, and prompting many couples to not have a second, let alone a third, child. The stress and tension of parents infect children. And stress and unhappiness could undermine the mental health of a child.

　　To address these problems, especially to reduce the education burden of students, and by default their parents, the government introduced some policies, including the“double reduction" policy, recently.

　　High housing prices are also discouraging many young couples from having children. Cities and towns where housing prices are relatively low usually have higher fertility rates around the world.

　　More importantly, in most cases, women still shoulder most of the responsibilities of bringing up a child, and experts and surveys say women usually find themselves at a disadvantage at the workplace after giving birth.

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