2024年统招专升本英语语法怎么学？带你先了解定语从句！

　　2024年统招专升本英语语法怎么学?带你先了解定语从句!　

　　一、什么叫定语从句?

　　一个句子作定语就叫定语从句。

　　二.定语从句的结构及种类

　　1. 结构：关系词+主语+谓语+其它

　　2. 种类：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句

　　三.关系词的分类及关系词

　　1. 关系代词：who，whom, whose, that ,which, as

　　2. 关系副词：when，where，why

　　四.关系词的功用

　　1. 起连接作用，引导定语从句

　　2. 在定语从句中作一个成分——主语，宾语，状语，定语，表语。

　　五.什么是先行词?

　　被定语从句所修饰的词是先行词。

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　　六.关系词的用法

　　1. who

　　当先行词是指人得名词或代词，而且关系词在句中作主语时，选who。

　　The boy who is standing over there is Tom.

　　He who doesn’t reach the Great Wall is not a true man.

　　2. whom

　　当先行词是指人得名词，而且关系词在句中作主语时，选whom.

　　This is our English teacher whom everybody likes.

　　3. whose

　　① 当先行词是指人的名词，而且关系词在句中作定语时，选whose.

　　This is my deskmate whose father works in a factory.

　　② 当先行词是指物的名词，而且关系在句中作定语时，选whose.

　　We study in a classroom whose windows face to the south.

　　4. that

　　① 当先行词是指物的名词，关系词在句中作主语时，选that.

　　This is a machine that can walk.

　　② 当先行词是指物的名词，关系词在句中作宾语时，选that. 另外，that可以省略。

　　I like the present (that) my father sent me.

　　③ 当先行词是指人的名词，关系词也可选用that=who

　　The boy that/who is playing football on the play ground is my brother.

　　5. which

　　当先行词是指物的名词时，关系词也可选用which，它在句中作主语或宾语，which=that

　　6. 下列情况下，关系词只能选用that

　　① 当先行词为不定代词 something, anything, nothing, everything时

　　Is there anything that I can do for you?

　　② 当先行词为不定代词all时

　　Mr. Li does all that he can to do his work well.

　　③ 当先行词被all, some, any修饰时

　　These are all the things that I have done today.

　　④ 当先行词被the only, the very 修饰时

　　This is the only computer that he often turns to for help.

　　⑤ 当先行词被序数词，形容词最高级修饰时

　　This is the cleaning room that you can see here.

　　⑥ time 作先行词，前面有序数词或last修饰时

　　This is the last time that I’ll give you pocket money.

　　⑦ 尽管先行词指人，但关系词在句中作表语时。

　　He is no longer the child that he used to be 20 years ago

　　⑧ 以 who开头的特殊疑问句，尽管先行词指人。

　　Who is the person that is sitting on the ground ?

　　⑨ 当先行词包括人和物时。

　　7. 下列情况下，关系词只能选which

　　① 在非限制性定语从句中。

　　This is my favorite pen, which I bought yesterday.

　　② 先行词不是一个词，而是前面整个句子的概念时

　　The boy is very polite, which makes his parents happy.

　　③ 当先行词指物，用“介词+which”

　　This is the pen with which I often write.

　　8. as

　　As 引导定语从句时，有四种情况。As在句中作主语，宾语。

　　① as 单独引导定语从句。

　　As we all know (=As is known to us all), Yao Ming is a famous basketball player.

　　② the same …as… 与…一样

　　I have the same idea as you.

　　③ such… as… 和…一样

　　Don’t read such a book as you can’t understand.

　　④ as…as… 和…一样

　　In this library, you can borrow as many books as you can.

　　9. where

　　① 当先行词是指地点的名词，而且关系副词在句中作状语时，选where，where=介词+which

　　This is the classroom where we study.

　　② 尽管先行词是指地点的名词，但关系词在句中作主语，宾语时，只能选that/which.

　　This is the factory that/which makes paper

　　This is the factory(that/which) we visited yesterday.

　　③ 尽管先行词是指地点的名词，关系词在句中作主语，宾语，但非限制性定语从句只能用which

　　This is the school, which he visited.

　　④ the one 是代词，代替前面的名词，其后的that/which 往往省略。

　　Is this factory the one you visited?

　　⑤ 当situation, job, mark, race, point 等模糊概念的名词，关系词在句中作状语时，选where

　　You’d better make a mark where you have any questions.

　　⑥ 尽管先行词是指地点的名词，关系词在句中作状语，但定语从句末有介词时，选which。

　　This is the lab which we do experiments in.

　　10. when

　　① 当先行词是指时间的名词，而且关系副词在句中作状语时，选when，when=介词+which

　　We will never forget the days when we stayed with Mr. Smith.

　　② 尽管先行词是指时间的名词，但关系词在句中作主语，宾语时，选that或which。

　　Monday is the day which/that comes before Tuesday.

　　We will never forget the days (that/which) we spent with him.

　　③ 尽管先行词是指时间的名词，关系词在句中作主语，宾语，但非限制性定语从句只能选which。

　　Wednesday is the day, which comes before Thursday.

　　④ one 作替代词，代替前面表示时间的名词，其后的that/which往往省略。

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